為了讓SCI論文順利發(fā)表，科研工作者在翻譯SCI論文時，一定要注意避免中式英語，下面上海臻云人工翻譯機(jī)構(gòu)給大家分享SCI論文的翻譯技巧有什么?
In order to make SCI papers published smoothly, researchers must pay attention to avoid Chinglish when translating SCI papers. What are the translation skills of SCI papers shared by Shanghai Zhenyun artificial translation agency?
1、寫作時態(tài)
1. Writing tense
英語謂語動詞時態(tài)共有16種，在英文科技論文中用得較為頻繁的主要有三種：即一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時和將來時。正確地使用動詞時態(tài)是科研寫作的基本功，我們在撰寫英文論文時，如不能正確選用時態(tài)，常常會改變文章所要表達(dá)的意思，從而影響評審專家與讀者的理解。
There are 16 tenses of predicate verbs in English. There are three tenses that are frequently used in English scientific papers: the present tense, the past tense and the future tense. The correct use of verb tenses is the basic skill of scientific research writing. When we write English papers, if we can't choose the tenses correctly, we will often change the meaning of the article, thus affecting the understanding of the reviewers and readers.
在科技論文中如何正確使用時態(tài)，首先應(yīng)該把握以下三個基本要點(diǎn)：
How to use tenses correctly in scientific papers should first grasp the following three basic points:
1)一般現(xiàn)在時：主要用于不受時間限制的客觀存在事實(shí)的描述，或發(fā)生或存在于寫論文之時的感覺、狀態(tài)、關(guān)系等的描述或致謝的表述等。值得注意的是，出于尊重，凡是他人已經(jīng)發(fā)表的研究成果作為"previouslyestablishedknowledge"，在引述時普遍都用一般現(xiàn)在時。
1) General present tense: it is mainly used to describe the objective existence fact without time limit, or to describe the feeling, state, relationship, etc. occurring or existing at the time of writing the paper, or to express gratitude, etc. It is worth noting that, out of respect, all published research results of others, as "previously established knowledge", are generally quoted in the ordinary present tense.
2)一般過去時：用于寫論文中作者自己所做工作的描述。
2) General past tense: used to write a description of the author's own work in a paper.
3)一般將來時：用于撰寫論文之后發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如提出下一步的研究方向。
3) General future tense: used for actions or states of existence after writing a thesis. For example, the next research direction is proposed.
2、寫作語態(tài)
2. Writing voice
在科技論文摘要翻譯中，最常采用的語態(tài)是被動語態(tài)。
In the translation of abstracts of scientific papers, the most commonly used voice is passive voice.
1)科技論文常常需要介紹客觀的、不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移的研究過程、實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果等方面內(nèi)容。使用被動語態(tài)可以更好地突出科學(xué)研究的客觀性。
1) Scientific papers often need to introduce objective research process and experimental results which are not transferred by human will. The use of passive voice can better highlight the objectivity of scientific research.
2)使用被動式也可避免提及動作的施動者，這樣反而使研究動作有了更廣泛的普遍性。
2) The use of passive can also avoid mentioning the actor of the action, which makes the study of action more universal.
3)由于被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)，使其在句子結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)節(jié)方面有著更大的靈活性，有利于在添加短語結(jié)構(gòu)、擴(kuò)充句子信息的同時保持句式的平衡、工整。
3) Due to the special structure of passive voice, it has more flexibility in the adjustment of sentence structure, which is conducive to adding phrase structure and expanding sentence information while maintaining the balance and neatness of sentence structure.
3、SCI論文中最容易出現(xiàn)的用詞
3. The most frequently used words in SCI papers
SCI論文并不要求寫出的論文充滿文采，關(guān)鍵還是要表述清楚作者的意思，讓別人能看明白。SCI論文中常出現(xiàn)的用詞包括動名詞、動詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、不定冠詞、代詞及副詞、介詞等。所以，大面上用詞與其他行文方式無較大差異。但是由于學(xué)術(shù)論文的學(xué)術(shù)性風(fēng)格，論文中的用詞是非常正式的。在行文過程中，非常避諱don’t、can’t及won’t等詞。此外，很多作者由于中文寫作習(xí)慣，往往出現(xiàn)andsoworth及andsoon等，這些詞在寫英文論文時是非常忌諱的。
SCI papers do not require that the papers written be full of literary talent. The key is to express the author's meaning clearly so that others can see it. The common words used in SCI papers include gerund, verb, present participle, indefinite article, pronoun, adverb, preposition, etc. Therefore, there is no significant difference between words and other ways of writing. However, due to the academic style of academic papers, the use of words in papers is very formal. In the process of writing, don't, can't and won't are very taboo. In addition, due to the habit of writing in Chinese, many authors often use the words such as andsoworth and andsoon, which are taboo when writing English papers.
4、英文標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號
4. English Punctuation
中英文標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號還是有一定區(qū)別的。比如，英文中肯定沒有頓號，也沒有書名號。相應(yīng)的，英語中分割句子中的并列成分多用逗號。而書名及期刊名等多采用斜體的方式加以區(qū)分。再者，英文中的省略號是三個點(diǎn)(…)，如果省略號在句末加上句號則是四個點(diǎn)(….)，但這種情況不多(省略號與句號間需空格)。
There are some differences between Chinese and English punctuation marks. For example, there must be no pause sign or book name in English. Correspondingly, in English, the paratactic components in the segmented sentences are usually comma. The titles of books and periodicals are usually distinguished in italics. Moreover, the ellipsis in English is three points (...) If an ellipsis is followed by a period at the end of a sentence, then four dots ( ), but this is not the case (spaces are required between ellipsis and period).
逗號是最難掌握的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號類型，逗號使用不當(dāng)會改變句子的意思。在表示重要的和非重要的信息時，請多留意逗號的用法。當(dāng)你校對標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的使用時，要特別注意以下單詞：that、which和who;此時應(yīng)再次確認(rèn)，此信息是重要信息還是是可以省略的多余信息。如果此信息是重要的，切勿使用逗號。如果此信息是附加的、不重要的，必須使用逗號。
Comma is the most difficult type of punctuation. Improper use of comma will change the meaning of a sentence. When expressing important and unimportant information, pay more attention to the use of commas. When you proofread the use of punctuation, pay special attention to the following words: that, which and who; at this time, you should confirm again whether this information is important information or redundant information that can be omitted. If this information is important, do not use commas. If this information is additional and unimportant, a comma must be used.
5、句子和段落上下連貫與邏輯
5. Sentence and paragraph coherence and logic
意義相關(guān)的句子一定要通過銜接詞進(jìn)行銜接，否則句子間就會顯得孤立。銜接詞是論文中用以說明上下句或前后兩個句子意思間關(guān)系的詞或詞組。
Meaning related sentences must be connected by cohesive words, otherwise the sentences will be isolated. Cohesive words are words or phrases used to explain the relationship between the meanings of the two sentences.
