口譯中容易出現(xiàn)的主要問題是漏譯和錯譯，那么出現(xiàn)漏譯和錯譯的原因有什么呢?下面上海臻云人工翻譯機構(gòu)給大家分享：

  The main problems in interpretation are omission and mistranslation. What are the reasons for the omission and mistranslation? Let's share with you:

  一、記筆記貪多貪全

  1、 Taking notes is greedy

  考生記筆記往往是前面記得很詳細(xì)，后面來不及，因此翻譯出來的東西是虎頭蛇尾。筆記不宜過多，過多的筆記會干擾對大意的把握，特別是英譯漢部分。一般來說，口譯筆記應(yīng)記錄一些重要的概念、邏輯關(guān)系以及一些孤立的、難以記憶的內(nèi)容，比如數(shù)字、專有名詞等。

  Examinees often remember the notes in detail at the front, but not in time at the back, so what they translate is a tiger's head and a snake's tail. Too many notes are not suitable. Too many will interfere with the grasp of the general idea, especially in the English-Chinese translation. Generally speaking, interpretation notes should record some important concepts, logical relations and some isolated and hard to remember contents, such as numbers, proper nouns, etc.

  二、“卡”在生詞

  2、 New words of "card"

  一段錄音中往往總是有一些難詞或生詞，許多考生就“卡”住了，沒有跳過去聽完全文，而繼續(xù)停留在這一個詞上，結(jié)果影響了對全文的理解。

  There are always some difficult words or new words in a recording. Many examinees just "stuck" and didn't jump to the end of the whole text, but continued to stay on this word, which affected the understanding of the whole text.

  一般來說，口譯段落中難詞或生詞的意思很容易從上下文中猜出。

  Generally speaking, it is easy to guess the meaning of difficult words or new words in interpreting paragraphs from the context.

  三、“卡”在長句

  3、 "Card" in the long sentence

  口譯考試針對的是正式場合的翻譯，因此英語的句子有時會很長，有時一段話只是一句句子。平常要注意書中的定語從句和包含分詞短語的長句。

  Interpretation test is aimed at the translation of formal occasions, so English sentences can sometimes be very long, sometimes a paragraph is just a sentence. Usually we should pay attention to the attributive clauses and long sentences containing participle phrases.

  另外，考生可以調(diào)整句子的排序，只要把意思表達(dá)清楚就可以了。

  In addition, candidates can adjust the order of sentences, as long as the meaning is expressed clearly.

  四、不熟悉口音

  4、 Unfamiliar with accent

  試題往往采用英語母語國家各種人員的錄音，考生如果聽錄音少，就會感覺不適應(yīng)?？忌煜みB讀、爆破等語音知識，平常要多聽錄音和看原版片和中央電視臺的SUNDAY TOPICS，上海電視臺的NEWS AT TEN等。

  The test questions are often recorded by all kinds of people in the native English speaking countries. If the candidates listen to less recordings, they will feel uncomfortable. Candidates should be familiar with such phonetic knowledge as continuous reading and blasting. Usually, they should listen to the recording and watch the original film, Sunday topics of CCTV, news at ten of Shanghai TV, etc.

  五、不熟悉聽力內(nèi)容

  5、 Not familiar with listening content

  不熟悉聽力內(nèi)容，就導(dǎo)致思考的時間太長、無法在規(guī)定時間里完成翻譯。口譯考試相當(dāng)于小型的口譯實戰(zhàn)，因此考生應(yīng)注意觀摩和學(xué)習(xí)口譯案例，如觀看記者招待會和一些英語訪談節(jié)目，如DIALOGUE。

  Not familiar with the listening content will lead to too long thinking time and unable to complete the translation within the prescribed time. The interpretation test is equivalent to a small-scale interpretation practice, so candidates should pay attention to observing and learning interpretation cases, such as watching press conferences and some English interview programs, such as dialogue.

  六、欠流利

  6、 Under fluency

  “漢譯英” 表現(xiàn)尤為明顯，原因是英語不流利，不停地修正自己的發(fā)音和用詞，以至于耽誤了時間。練好口語是第一步。

  "Chinese to English" performance is particularly obvious, because English is not fluent, constantly revise their pronunciation and use of words, so as to delay the time. Practicing oral English is the first step.

  七、詞匯量不夠

  7、 Insufficient vocabulary

  漢譯英和英譯漢中都會出現(xiàn)因詞匯量不夠翻譯不好，英譯漢多表現(xiàn)在“漏譯”，英譯漢多表現(xiàn)在“死譯”?？谧g者并不要求能懂每一個單詞，關(guān)鍵在于能使原文意思清晰準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)出來。著名口譯專家達(dá)妮卡?塞萊絲科維奇在她的書中這樣提到：“譯文實際上是解釋性的翻譯，是譯員對原講話的一種解釋和注釋，…以易于接受的方法轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)給聽者?！弊g員在翻譯時，是再現(xiàn)說話人的思想，而不是對原文的文字進行一一對應(yīng)。另外，考生要注意平時的積累，閱讀CHINA DAILY, TIME, BEIJING REVIEW, SHANGHAI DAILY，SHANGHAI STAR, NEWSWEEK等報刊對提高詞匯將大有裨益。

  In both Chinese-English translation and English-Chinese translation, there will be poor translation due to the lack of vocabulary. Interpreters do not need to be able to understand every word, the key is to make the original meaning clear and accurate. In her book, Danica seleskovitch, a famous interpreter, points out that "translation is actually an interpretive translation, an interpretation and annotation of the original speech by an interpreter In an acceptable way. " In translation, the translator is to reproduce the speaker's thoughts, rather than to correspond the original text one by one. In addition, candidates should pay attention to their usual accumulation. Reading China Daily, time, Beijing review, Shanghai Daily, Shanghai Star, Newsweek and other newspapers will be helpful to improve their vocabulary.

  八、心理緊張

  8、 Psychological tension

  很多考生由于緊張，連中文都會聽錯，平常多做一些?？己蛯嵖碱}會幫助你逐漸克服心理緊張，另外，練習(xí)公眾演講會幫助你在壓力下發(fā)揮正常。

  Many examinees will hear Chinese wrong because of their nervousness. Usually, doing more model tests and real tests will help you overcome your psychological nervousness gradually. In addition, practicing public speaking will help you play normally under pressure.

  九、多米諾骨牌效應(yīng)

  9、 Domino effect

  大部分考生在做英譯漢第一段時都特別緊張，沒聽懂原意翻得不好，影響了后面的情緒。如抱著放棄第一段的心理，把注意力放在“聽懂”而不是“翻譯”，這樣非常有利于把握這一篇的大意，考生便能預(yù)測下文將出現(xiàn)什么，這將保證下面幾段譯文的質(zhì)量。

  Most of the candidates are very nervous when they do the first paragraph of English-Chinese translation. They fail to understand the original meaning well, which affects the mood behind them. If you give up the psychology of the first paragraph and focus on "understanding" rather than "translation", it is very helpful to grasp the general idea of this article. The examinee can predict what will happen next, which will ensure the quality of the following translation.

  十、“語不驚人死不休”的心理

  10、 The psychology of "no surprise, no end"

  有些考生程度不錯，但口譯的時候由于總是想用一些特別優(yōu)美的詞，因此耗費了時間，雖然某個單句聽上去不錯，但由于時間的安排不合理，可能后面就要出現(xiàn)漏譯。口譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是“準(zhǔn)、順、快”，做口譯練習(xí)時，一定要按照這個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進行練習(xí)。關(guān)鍵是信息的準(zhǔn)確。另外，口譯考的是“技能”，而技能的獲得是*日積月累的努力，希望考生把功夫花在平時，打好基礎(chǔ)，取得好成績。

  Some candidates are good at interpreting, but they always want to use some beautiful words, so they spend time. Although a single sentence sounds good, it may be missed later because of the unreasonable arrangement of time. The standard of interpretation is "accurate, smooth and fast". When doing interpretation practice, we must practice according to this standard. The key is the accuracy of information. In addition, the interpretation test is about "skills", and the acquisition of skills is a cumulative effort. I hope that candidates will spend their time in normal times, lay a good foundation and achieve good results.