如今的醫(yī)學(xué)交流越來(lái)越多了，為了能更好的交流，要掌握醫(yī)學(xué)英文，然而醫(yī)學(xué)英文的結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，邏輯嚴(yán)密等等因素。所以在醫(yī)學(xué)英文翻譯中要正確理解和翻譯所閱讀的醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)，那么影響醫(yī)學(xué)英文翻譯的因素有哪些呢?

  Nowadays, there are more and more medical exchanges. In order to better communicate, it is necessary to master medical English. However, medical English has strict structure, strict logic and so on. Therefore, in medical English translation, we should correctly understand and translate the medical literature we read, so what are the factors affecting medical English translation?

  1、醫(yī)學(xué)英文的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

  1. Translation standards of medical English

  翻譯是按社會(huì)認(rèn)知需要、在具有不同規(guī)則的符號(hào)系統(tǒng)之間所作的信息傳遞過(guò)程，是運(yùn)用一種語(yǔ)言把另一種語(yǔ)言所表達(dá)的思想內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確而又完整地再現(xiàn)出來(lái)的語(yǔ)言活動(dòng)。醫(yī)學(xué)英文的翻譯同樣脫離不了翻譯的這一本質(zhì)，因此其翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也同其他翻譯實(shí)踐一樣應(yīng)堅(jiān)持忠實(shí)和通順的原則，即一切醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)譯文都應(yīng)包含原文的思想內(nèi)容，表達(dá)上要準(zhǔn)確、完整、科學(xué)和規(guī)范，譯文不得有生硬晦澀、結(jié)構(gòu)混亂以及文理不同的現(xiàn)象。

  Translation is a process of information transmission between symbol systems with different rules according to the needs of social cognition. It is a language activity that uses one language to accurately and completely reproduce the ideological content expressed in another language. Medical English translation is also inseparable from the essence of translation. Therefore, its translation standard, like other translation practices, should adhere to the principle of faithfulness and smoothness, that is, all medical English translations should contain the ideological content of the original text, and the expression should be accurate, complete, scientific and standardized. The translation should not have rigid and obscure, chaotic structure and different arts and Sciences.

  2、醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)翻譯中詞匯的特點(diǎn)及處理方法

  2. Characteristics and processing methods of vocabulary in medical English translation

  醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯的特點(diǎn)是具有很強(qiáng)的專(zhuān)業(yè)性，詞的意義嚴(yán)格受到所搭配的詞和語(yǔ)境的限制，因此，在對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行翻譯的過(guò)程中，必須根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和詞語(yǔ)之間搭配情況，對(duì)詞義和詞法做出相應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)變和處理，使譯文文字通順、得體、規(guī)范。

  Medical English vocabulary is characterized by strong professionalism, and the meaning of words is strictly limited by the matched words and context. Therefore, in the process of medical English translation, we must change and deal with the word meaning and morphology according to the context and collocation between words, so as to make the translated text smooth, appropriate and standardized.

  3、醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)句型結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)對(duì)翻譯的影響

  3. The influence of sentence structure characteristics of medical English on Translation

  醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)屬于科技文體，主要表達(dá)醫(yī)學(xué)科技的事實(shí)與概念，傳遞交流基礎(chǔ)和臨床醫(yī)學(xué)的信息，[2]要求結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、邏輯嚴(yán)密、用詞精確，表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確，又由于醫(yī)學(xué)文章以敘事推理為重，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀性，因而，醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)句型結(jié)構(gòu)表現(xiàn)出了多用長(zhǎng)句、從句和被動(dòng)句的形式特點(diǎn)。大量從句和被動(dòng)句的使用使得醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)的句子意義往往不能僅從其外形結(jié)構(gòu)做出判斷，從句中連詞、關(guān)系詞的連接、指代關(guān)系以及被動(dòng)句中主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)之間的表達(dá)方式都成為了影響醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)翻譯的重要因素。

  Medical English belongs to the style of science and technology, which mainly expresses the facts and concepts of medical science and technology and transmits the information of basic and clinical medicine. [2] it requires rigorous structure, strict logic, accurate words and accurate expression. Because medical articles focus on narrative reasoning and emphasize objectivity, the sentence structure of medical English shows multi-purpose long sentences The formal characteristics of clauses and passive sentences. Due to the use of a large number of clauses and passive sentences, the sentence meaning of medical English can not be judged only from its shape and structure. The conjunction, the connection of relative words, the referential relationship in clauses and the expression between subject and predicate in passive sentences have become important factors affecting medical English translation.

  4、長(zhǎng)句、難句對(duì)翻譯的影響及處理

  4. The influence of long and difficult sentences on translation and its treatment

  醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)的思想內(nèi)容決定了其表現(xiàn)形式無(wú)法被簡(jiǎn)單的句子結(jié)構(gòu)所容納，必須借助長(zhǎng)句、從句，有時(shí)甚至是較多的從句嵌套才能完成意義的構(gòu)建。句子結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜性給翻譯理解帶來(lái)了較多的障礙和困難，因?yàn)樽g者不僅要看懂句子的外形結(jié)構(gòu)，還要能理解其深層結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯關(guān)系，才能準(zhǔn)確地把握語(yǔ)義。

  The ideological content of medical English determines that its form of expression can not be accommodated by simple sentence structure. The construction of meaning can only be completed with the help of long sentences, clauses and sometimes even more nested clauses. The complexity of sentence structure brings more obstacles and difficulties to translation understanding, because translators should not only understand the shape and structure of sentences, but also understand the logical relationship of their deep structure in order to accurately grasp semantics.